About Oppositional Defiant Disorder
What does it look like?
How common is it?
What causes it?
How long does it last?
What treatments are effective?
A review of the evidence
What's new?
Resources
What treatments are effective?
Cognitive behavioural therapy that helps with mood, anger management, and social skills training may be helpful to the child.
Studies show that changing the way the child’s family functions, through family therapy, can be helpful. Many parents, because of their own life experience and their current depression, tend to be highly critical and punitive with their children. Changing these behaviours and providing parents with knowledge and skills about positive, nurturing parenting can change the child’s behaviours significantly and benefit the family as a whole.
However, it has been found that some mothers are unable to alter their parenting behaviour and as a consequence their children continue on a developmental path that can lead to the more serious and chronic Conduct Disorder.[1]
Children who have coexisting ADHD, depression, or anxiety tend to lose their oppositional symptoms when their other disorders are successfully treated.[2,3]
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1. |
Reid MJ, Webster-Stratton, Hammond M. 2003. Follow-Up of Children Who Received the Incredible Years Intervention for Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Maintenance and Prediction of 2-Year Outcome. http://www.incredibleyears.com/research/article-2yr-follow-up.odd_03.pdf |
2. |
Loeber, R, Burke JD, Lahey, BB, Winters A, Zera, M. 2000. Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder: A Review of the Past 10 Years, Part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry; 39(12):1468-1484. |
3. |
Compton SN, March JS, Brent D, Albano AM, Weersing VR, Curry J. 2004.
Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Evidence-Based Medicine Review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 43(8): 930-959. |
